Tindall Outline Chapter 8

Isaac Atayero
Mrs. Mary Anne McElroy
Advanced Placement United States History
02/16/12

Tindall Outline Chapter 8

Organizing the new government

1. America in 1789-  United States and the western territories reached from the Atlantic ocean to the Mississippi River. Middle Atlantic states boasted with a well balanced economy, the largest cities and diverse ethnic  and religious groups. The United States  was predominantly a rural society
2. The convening of Congress- On March 4, 1789- the new congress had a meeting in New York City with only 8 senators.
3. The first president- Washington was a reluctant first president but agreed to serve because he was summoned by his country.
4. Structure of the government- Executive Department  was made to correspond to the one formed under the Confederation.
5. Court system- The structure of the federal court was left to congress except  for a chief justice and the Supreme court.
6. Bill of Rights added to the Constitution-  Bill of rights was added to protect individual freedoms, state’s rights and civil liberties. Bill of Rights  provided no rights or legal protection to African Americans nor Indians.
7. The First Amendment- The first Amendment  declares that Congress shall make no law respecting or prohibiting an establishment of religion.The first eight amendments  were modeled after the Virginia Declarations of Rights .
8. Church-State Relations- There is no direct mention of God in constitution because they were determined to protect freedom of religion from government  interference.
9. Revenue for the government- Madison’s idea for raising revenue demanded that the U.S.  wage an economic war  against Great Britain  but Northern businessmen were in no mood for renewal of economic pressures.
10. Import and tonnage duties- Tonnage Act of 1789 was between U.S. and foreign ships : U.S. ships  paid 6 cents per ton; American built foreign - owned ships paid 30 cents; and ships that were foreign built  and owned paid 50 cents per ton. Tariffs and tonnage duties  resulted in high prices on goods  bought by Americans.
11. North-South divisions over tariff policy-   Should rural consumers be forced to subsidize the nation’s infant manufacturing sector?

Hamilton's vision of America

1. Hamilton's background-  born out of wedlock on a Caribbean deserted by his father. Later left an orphan at 13. Attended college in New York, entered continental army & became Washington’s favorite aide. After war he studied law and eventually became collector of revenues for Confederation Congress.
2. Hamilton's views on government and the economy- He was determined to turn states into powerful national and global force. He believed a limited but assertive government  that encouraged new fields of enterprise and fostered investment and entrepreneurship.
3. The Reports on Public Credit- the first two dealt with war-generated debt.
4. Funding and assumption of the debt- The reports called for funding the federal debt at face value and it declared that the federal government should assume state debts from the Revolution.
5. Hamilton’s three reports proposed to help government:
1. Proposal for an excise tax on liquor
2. Proposal for a national bank and mint- to provide currency
3. Report on Manufactures- an extensive program of government  aid to stimulate  the development of manufacturing enterprises to reduce America’s dependence on imported goods.
6. Concern about rewarding speculators- The plan would win the new government the support of the wealthy  creditors who would have a direct financial stake in the survival of government.
7. Sectional differences- Madison’s opposition to Hamilton’s plan signaled a political division along geographic lines.
8. Compromise solution of 1790 - in return for northern votes in favor of relocation of the capital, Madison would seek southern votes to pass debt assumption plan.
9. Hamilton's plan for a national bank- He models it after the bank of England.
10. Advantages and functions of a bank- To provide a uniform national paper currency that would address the chronic American shortage of gold and silver. It would remain under government control .It would provide a stable, flexible, national currency and a source of capital for loans to fund business and commercial development.
11. Controversy over its constitutionality- President sought advice of cabinet before signing the bill into law. It is resolved in Article 1, Section 8 .Hamilton wins Washington's approval & convinces him to sign the controversial bill.
12. Hamilton's Report on Manufactures- the active governmental  encouragement  of manufacturing to provide  productive uses for the new capital.
13. Advantages of governmental development of manufacturing- the diversification  of labor in a country  given over too much to farming, improved productivity through greater use of machinery; paid work for those not ordinarily employed outside the home; the promotion of immigration to provide for industrial workers; more ample and various opportunities for entrepreneurial activity; and a better domestic market for agricultural products.
14. Techniques to promote manufacturing-  tariffs on imported goods; restraints on the export of raw materials; government - paid  bounties  and premiums to encourage certain industries; tariff exemptions for imported raw materials needed for American manufacturing; government encouragement of inventions and discoveries; regulations for the inspection of commodities; and the financing of improvements in transportation.
15. Reactions to the proposals- conflict between northern and southern regions of the union was not needed because he claimed both sides would benefit.
16. The success of Hamilton's programs-  Treasury Department  during early early 17/90s began to retire the Revolutionary War debt; economy flourished; foundations for powerful capitalist republic.

Development of political parties

1. Madison's and Jefferson's general reactions- Hamilton finds federalists and Madison and Jefferson  led republicans.
2. Jefferson's and Hamilton's views compared- None set out to create political parties,
3. Development of party support- Madison assumed leadership of Hamilton’s opponents in Congress.

Crises foreign and domestic

1. Impact of the French Revolution- Jefferson supported the French Revolution unlike Vice President John Adams. It also transformed international relations, created complex European alliances and prolonged wars that made America’s neutrality hard.
2. Washington's neutrality proclamation- April 22, 1793 that warned U.S. citizens that they might prosecuted for taking part in nonneutral acts.
3. Actions of Citizen Genet- He engaged privateers to to capture British ships and conspired with frontiersmen and land speculators to organize an attack on Spanish Florida and Louisana.Americans divide over support for Britain or France
4. Jay's instructions-To get the British out of their forts, secure reparations for the losses of American shippers, compensation for southern slaves carried away by British ships in 1783 and a new commercial treaty that would legalize American trade with the British West Indies.
5. Terms accepted by Jay- Exports of tar, pitch and other supplies for warships are contraband and that such military products could not go in neutral ships to enemy ports and that trade that was prohibited in peacetime because of mercantilist restrictions could  not be opened opened in wartime.
6. Jay’s Treaty- British evacuation of their  northwestern forts by 1796, reparations for the seizures of American ships and cargo in 1793-1794, and the right of Americans merchants to trade with the British West Indies.
7. Public reactions to the treaty- The Public reacted with expected outrage in the form of riots and claimed that the treaty was unconstitutional.
8. Congressional reaction- The federalists were ready to sign the treaty but the republicans firmly opposed it.
9. Washington reluctantly signs the treaty concluding that it was the best e was likely to get.
10. The Battle of Fallen Timbers-  Shawnee, Ottawa, Chippewa, and Potowatomi warriors attacked Wayne’s troops in south of Detroit.
11. Basis for the Whiskey Rebellion- Frontier farmers were outraged by Hamilton’s tax on liquor because all Americans drank liquor and in the Appalachian Mountains, liquor was primary cash commodity. They saw it as part of Hamilton’s scheme to use the poor to enrich urban speculators.
12. Army sent to disperse the rebellion- 12,900 militiamen from Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Army was ordered to suppress the rebellion. Rebels vanished when met with little rebellion.
13. Effects of the incident- The government made a point of reputation of strength by suppresing the rebellion. It also caused those that sympathized with the frontiersmen to become republicans and the beginning of rebellions.
14. Issues with Spain-  The defeat of their Indian allies, worries about a possible American Intervention in Louisiana and Britain’s concessions in the North led the Spanish to enter into treaty negotiations with the Americans.
15. Terms of the Pinckney's Treaty- Acceptance off a boundary at the 31st parallel, open access to Mississippi River, the right to transport goods to Spanish -controlled New Orleans, a commission to settle American claims against Spain and a promise by each side to refrain from inciting Indian attacks on the other side.
16. Development of land policy-People thought that federal land should serve mainly as a source of revenue, or it was more important to the country to lower land prices.
17. Party conflict over basic principles of land policy- Federalists preferred to build the population of eastern first because they favored high prices for federal land to enrich the Treasury. Republicans wanted lands that could be more readily settled by the masses.
18. Congressional changes in land policy from 1796 to 1804-  Land Act of 1796- Congress extended the surveys ordained in 1785 but doubled the price with only one year to complete the payment. Land Act of 1804- minimum unit was reduced and price per acre was reduced.
19. The Wilderness Road- Boone and 30 woodsmen widened the warrior’s path  into Wilderness Road. A passage that settlers would use for the next 25 years.
20. Daniel Boone- pathfinder who led thousands of settlers to the lure of western lands.
21. Pioneer life- Corn was the preferred crop; they grew beans, turnips and other vegetables; they built temporary shelters and cleared land for planting; marked boundaries by chopping notches into “witness trees”; came on foot or horseback.
22. Washington's farewell- The speech was drafted with significant help from Hamilton and on Sept. 17, 1796 he called for unity from people to back their government.He decried the rising of sectionalism for fear of political parties and promoting local interests.
23. Summary of his achievements as president- the organization of a new national government with demonstrated power, a secure national credit, the recovery of territory from Britain and Spain, a stable northwestern frontier, and admission of three new states; Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792) & Tennessee (1796).
24. General principles of the Farewell Address- Avoid habitual hatred and habitual friendliness with other countries (temporary alliances for emergencies).

The Adams administration

1. Election of 1796’s Candidates- John Adams, Thomas Pinckney, Thomas effersob and Aaron Burr.
2. Outcome of the election- Adams won . Adams was labeled pro- British, Jefferson- French-loving atheist that was ready to incite war with England. Jefferson‘s decision to have the French ambassador’s support backfired.
3. Adams the man- A lawyer, leader in Revolutionary movement, in the middle of Hamilton and Jefferson. He feared democracy and saw equality as fanciful, he favored the elements of aristocratic and monarchical, which he got in trouble with the Republicans for. He felt under appreciated
4. French interference with American shipping-  At Adams’ inauguration in 1797,French plundered some 300 American ships and broken diplomatic relations with America.
5. The XYZ Affair- French diplomats confided that negotiations could begin only If the Americans paid a bribe of $250,000 which three American negotiators reject.
6. Creation of a navy and the beginning of an undeclared war- Adams does not officially declare war , however, Congress authorized  the capture of armed French ships, suspended commerce with France and renounced the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. In 1798, Congress authorized a Department of the Navy and an undeclared naval war had begun in the West Indies with the French capture of an American schooner
7. Organization of a new army- Washington agrees to be commander if only Hamilton is second in command.
8. The Convention of 1800 ends the war- 1799, Adams dispatched a team of 3 Americans to negotiate with the new French government. At The Convention of 1800 - In return for giving up all claims of indemnity for American losses, they got official suspension of the 1778  perpetual alliance with France and an end to the quasi naval war. It became effective on December 21, 1801.
9. The Alien and Sedition Acts- Limited freedom of speech and the press and the liberty of aliens. Sedition Acts were designed to punish Republicans.
10. The war worsens party divisions- Republican and Federalist journalists published lies; both sides were affected with paranoia.
11. Terms and purposes of the acts-  The Naturalization Act lengthened from five to fourteen years the residency requirement of citizenship; The Alien Act- empowered the president to deport “dangerous” citizen; The Alien Enemies Act- authorized the president in time of declared war to expel or imprison enemy aliens at will; The Sedition Act- defined as a high misdemeanor any conspiracy against legal measures of the government. It also forbade writing, publishing, or speaking anything false against the government or any of its officers.
12. Arrests and prosecutions-Republican editors and a Republican congressman were targets of prosecution. Matthew Lyon , an Irishman, was imprisoned for four months and fined $1,000.
13. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions- denounced the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Election of 1800

1. Candidates- Jefferson and Burr, Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.
2. Outcome of the election- Republican victory- The deadlock was broken when a confidant of Jefferson’s assured a Delaware congressman that Jefferson , if elected, would refrain from the wholesale removal of Federalist appointed to federal offices and would uphold Hamilton’s financial policies. Some federalists cast blank votes; This allowed Jefferson to win without any of them voting.
3. Packing the judiciary-  Judiciary Act  of 1801-  Intended to ensure Federalist control of the judicial system and it  provided the next vacancy on the Supreme Court would not be filled , created sixteen federal circuit courts with a new judge for each, and increased the number of federal attorneys, clerks and marshals.
4. The election as a turning point in American political history- It was the first time that one political party, ungracefully,  relinquished power to the opposition party.

Tindall Outlne Chapter 9

Isaac Atayero

Mrs. Mary Anne McElroy
Advanced Placement United States History
03/05/12

TINDALL CHAPTER 9

CHAPTER 9: THE EARLY REPUBLIC

Focus Questions

1. What were the main achievements of Jefferson's administration?
He did not dismantle much of Hamilton’s program, repealed whiskey tax and cut back on government expenditures. He involved navy in subduing the Barbary pirates and negotiated and then with the French to ensure that Mississippi River remained open to America commerce and the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
2. What was the impact of the Marshall court on the U.S. government?
In Marbury v. Madison, the Court declared a federal act unconstitutional for the first time. With that decision, the Court assumed the right of judicial review over acts of Congress. Marshall established the constitutional supremacy of the federal government over state governments.
3. How did the Louisiana Purchase change the United States?
Federalists feared that addition of new territories would strengthen republicans; the “Corps of Discovery” captured the public imagination, and gave the U.S.A a claim to the Oregon Country.
4. What were the causes of the War of 1812?
Neither Britain nor France wanted its enemy to purchase U.S. goods, so both declared blockades.In retaliation, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act, Madison declared war on the grounds over the issue of neutral shipping rights and the fear that the British were inciting Native Americans to attack frontier settlements.
5. What were the effects of the War of 1812?
Launching the economic Independence of the United States, as goods previously purchased from Britain were now manufactured at home.delegates from waning Federalist party met at the Hartford Convention to consider states’ rights and secession; while Republicans embraced nationalism and a broad interpretation of the Constitution.

The New Republic

1. Westward migrations-

-Land sales west of the Appalachian Mountains soared in the early nineteenth century as aspiring farmers shoved Indians aside in order to establish homesteads of their own.
- Migrants flowed in three streams between 1780 and 1830. One ran from the Old South-Maryland, Virginia, and the Carolinas, the second from Maryland and Virginia and the third was into upstate New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Michigan.

2. Upsurge in black freedom- Free Blacks were the fastest growing part of the population; Many received freedom from fighting in the war and afterward the North outlawed slavery causing anti-slavery societies to blossom.
3. General economic trends-

-Westward expansion, economic growth, urban development, and the democrization of politics preoccupied Americans born after 1776.
-Farmers focused on producing plus crops and livestock to sell in markets, cotton prices  soared, The plantation economy was also productive.
- Enterprises emerged; textiles, transportation, publishing, technological innovations, factory system.

The New Federal City

1. The New Federal city was Washington , District of Columbia and efferson was first to be president there.
2. The "Revolution of 1800"- What Jefferson’s election is called as he was the first president to pursue the role of a party leader.

1. Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801-  Abolished the circuit judgeships and other offices.
2. Importance of the Marbury v. Madison ruling-The Constitution specified that the Court should only has original jurisdiction only in cases involving foreign ambassadors or states; The Supreme Court is the final judge of constitutional interpretation.
3. Impeachment of justices- In 1804 , Republicans used the impeachment power against  two of the most partisan Federalist judges and ousted one of them, Judge John Pickering.
4. Acceptance of the national bank- Jefferson did this as an essential convenience under tutelage of Treasury Secretary.                                                    
5. Repeal of excise taxes- Jefferson won repeal of whiskey tax
6. Sources of good revenue- Napeoleonic Wars increased American shipping traffic,settlers flocked western land purchased from government.
7. Treatment of army and navy- Army expenses were cut back, navy ought to be reduced, rely on land-based fortifications and a “mosquito fleet” of small gunboats.
8. Foreign slave trade outlawed- 1807- Act that outlawed foreign slave trade as January 1, 1808.
9. Causes of Conflict with the Barbary pirates- Pirates captured American vessels and crews and while America sent black mail to the countries, they still persisted.
10. United States actions towards the Barbary pirates-pasha of Tripoli declared war on U.S.A so Jefferson sent warships to blockade Tripoli.
11. The Louisiana Purchase
1. Interest in the territory- Since Seven Years’ War the dream of retaking Louisiana stirred the French.
2. Negotiating the purchase- Robert R. Livingston was sent  to Paris as U.S. minister to France. Negotiations dragged into 1803 and Livingston snapped up the offer to  buy Louisiana.
3. Constitutional issues- The constitution did not mention purchase of territory.
4. Ratification and aftermath- The Senate ratified the treaty by vote of 26 to 6 and on Dec 20, 1803, U.S. officials took formal possession of the sprawling Louisiana Territory.
12. Lewis and Clark- 29 year old Meriwether Lewis, his former private secretary and William Clark, former army officer.Both kept detailed journals of travels and made maps. Their reports of friendly Indians and abundant beaver pelts attracted traders and trappers.
13. "Corps of Discovery"- In 1804, nearly fifty people set out from 1804 to Missouri River.
14. The new empire would reduce New England and the federalist party to insignificance in political affairs.
15. Thomas Pickering and the Essex Junto - Secretary of State and U.S. Senator ,Pickering and a group of Mass. federalists, called the Essex Junto, considered seceding from the Union, an idea that would simmer in New England circles for another decade.
16. Burr's duel with Hamilton - The duel  took place at Weehawken, NJ after Hamilton’s bitter remarks on Burr. Hamilton died.
17. 1804 election- Jefferson and Clinton won 162 of the 176 electoral votes; they beat federalists- Charles Pinckney and Rufus King- first landslide election in American History.

Republican divisions

1. Emergence of the Old Republicans- John Randolph became spokesman for “Old Republicans”. They were mainly Southerners who wanted 1- States’ rights, 2-strict construction of constitution, 3- opposed compromise with federalists, 4- agrarian way of life.
2. Burr's background and character- opposed Jefferson; had a taste for backroom deal making, caught in dubious schemes in 1800 and 1804. Indicted  for murder, heavily in debt,fled to Florida, returned to Washington to preside over senate .
3. Treason trial- charged with treason ; brought for trial before Chief Justice John Marshall. This causes 1) Independence of the executive branch would be compromisedif the president were subject to a court writ- allowing Jefferson to not submit papers to congress  ; 2) Treason under the Constitution consists of levying war against the United States or adhering to their enemies and requires 2 witnesses to the same overt act for conviction- allowing Burr to go free.
4. Burr's later life- skipped bail, moved to France, returned to study law in NY in 1812, divorced b/c of adultery, died in 18\36 at 78.

War in Europe

1. Napoléon's victories- He defeat Russia and Austria in 1805 and all of western Europe.
2. Mutual blockades- In 1806 & 1807- British set up paper blockade of Europe and Napoleon retaliated with Continental System, They both put restrictions on America trade.
3. Impressment- Seizure of British subjects from American vessels became a new source of recruits.
4. Nature of The Jefferson Embargo act- stopped all exports of American goods and prohibited American ships from leaving foreign ports.
1. Impact- illegal trade with Britain and France
2. Opposition and repeal- Resistance was led by the federalists
5. Madison and Clinton elected in 1808
6. Non-Intercourse Act- Congress reopened trade with all countries except France and England and allowed president to reopen trade with whichever gave up restrictions on America trade.
7. Macon's Bill No. 2- Reopened trade with the warring powers but provided that if either dropped its restrictions , the United States would embargo trade with the other.
8. Intrigues with Britain and France over the trade restrictions- Britain refused to give in and forced Madison's request for war Britain preferred no war but not knowing this, Congress concurred war.
9. With more time/patience Madison’s policies would have been met and the war would have been avoided.

The War of 1812

1. Causes- Demand for neutral rights,violation of American shipping, frontier Indian attack that were blamed on British agents, western land.
2. Farming regions and shippers- NY  and New England voted against war because farming region suffered damages to their cotton, grain and tobacco markets. New England shippers made profits from smuggling.
3. Indian attacks- Land hungry settlers kept moving out and forcing Indians to sign treaties they did not understand.
4. Tecumseh-Shawnee leader that saw the consequence of Indian disunity; traveled from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico to try to form a confederation of tribes to defend Indian hunting grounds.
5. The Battle of Tippecanoe- An attempt to stop to Tecumseh’s cause; reinforced rumors that British Agents in Great Lakes were inciting Indians.
6. The war hawks- in late 1811, Congress gathered to fight for American honor; led by Henry Clay; could get neither Canada nor Florida.
7. Banking problems- twenty year charter of the bank of the United States expire; many state banks were mismanaged; trade dried up, tariff revenues declined, northeastern opponents were reluctant to lend money.
8. Problems with building an army-  Army was ill-trained, poorly eqipped and led with officers past their prime.
9. State of the navy- in good shape, able officers, trained men, sixteen well outfitted and seaworthy ships.
10. War in the North- Canada is the only place America could effectively attack Britain.
11. Three-pronged strategy -failed; opted for Madison’s administration along Lake Champlian , toward Montreal with Gen. Dearborn in command; along Niagara River with forces under gen. Renessaler; into Upper Canada with Gen. William & 2,000 men.
12. Detroit and Fort Dearborn forces surrendered; Most of Perry’s soldiers were dead or wounded and the British still had two warships. American naval control of Lake Erie forced British to evacuate upper Canada and give up Detroit after being defeated in the Battle of Thames on October 5.
13. War in the South -Creek aggressions; August 30, Creeks allied with the British attacked Fort Mims.
14. Jackson and Horseshoe Bend- When he heard this, Jackson summoned 2,000 volunteers and set out on a vengeful campaign across Alabama that crushed the Creek resistance.Decisive battle on March 27, 1814 at Horseshoebend; Cherokee allies were helpful, Treaty of Fort Jackson- Creeks ceded two thirds of their land to U.S.A, including part Of Georgia and most of Alabama.
15. Macdonough's victory on Lake Champlain- England’s army bogged down while its flotilla engaged Macdonogh’s ships in a battle that ended with the entire British fleet either destroyed or captured.
16. Invasions at Washington and Baltimore- British captured and burned Washington D.C., the White house, the capitol, and most other government buildings.
17. Battle of New Orleans- occured after a peace treaty signed in Europe,Britsh lost,battle ensured that both governments acted quickly to ratify the treaty.
18. Treaty of Ghent - ends war, signed on Christmas Eve
19. Issues to be resolved - British stop impressment, British provide compensation for seizure of American ships. British wanted discussions for territory in NY and Maine, removal of U.S. warships from the Great Lakes, the creation of an Indian buffer state in the Northwest
20. The Hartford Convention-represented the climax of New England’s disaffection with “Mr. Madison’s War”
21. Composition-Massachusetts refused to contribute militia to the war effort
22. Actions- Merchants continued to sell supplies to British troops in Canada. On Dec. 15, the Hartford Convention assembled with delegates from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hamsphire.Convention proposed 7 constitutional amendments designed designed to limit Republican (Southern ) Influence, abolishing counting of slaves in apportioning state representation in Congress, requiring two thirds vote to declare war admit new states, prohibiting embargoes lasting more than sixty days,excluding foreign- born Individuals from holding federal office, limiting the president to one term, and for bidding successive presidents from the state.    
23. Consequences- The convention carried the threat of secession if the demands were ignored but the threat evaporated quickly; fatal blow to the federalist party.              
24. Aftermath of the war -Inspired patriotism and nationalism,
1. Action against the pirates of the Barbary Coast- America’s Gen. Decatur seized two Algerian ships and on June 30, 1815, the Algerian ruler agreed to stop seizing American ships and give up all U.S. prisoners.
2. Reversal of roles by Republicans and Federalists- Republicans decided that a peacetime army and navy are necessary,need for national bank, embraced nationalism; wanted amendments resulting the first great reversal of roles in the constitutional interpretation.

AMSCO Pp. 257 Essay 2

Isaac Atayero
Mrs. Mary Anne McElroy
Advanced Placement United States History
May 3 2012

Analyze the ways that the Free-Soil movement influenced U.S. politics from 1848 to 1860.

    The Free Soil Movement is a movement started by the Free Soilers as a result of the Wilmot Proviso from the 1840s. The Wilmot Proviso emerged as a response to issue of slavery in new territories that America had a result of the Mexican War.  However, the Wilmot Proviso was too controversial and only caused further outrage amongst the both sections. The Free Soilers had a very simple and quite reasonable idea that seemed to be a feasible compromise for the two conflicting sides. The Free Soilers did not insist on the termination of the institution of slavery , which would make the Southerners very happy, although, they solicited that the land in the West would be a place of contingency for whites only. They did not want to have to contend with slaves or free African Americans.
      The Free Soil movement appealed to many whites because of the opportunity that a black / slave  - free environment seemed to present. It seemed like the perfect compromise because it had about the same amount of appeal for both northern abolitionists and southern plantation owners. Although it was ultimately a plan that favored the north it was cleverly disguised as a plan that had potential to benefit both sides. The Free Soil movement is crucial to U.S. politics because it proved that no matter how tense the atmosphere is Americans can always find some type of compromise, some type of middle ground. Although the Free - Soil Movement would only be another bandage on the wound that was slavery, It affirmed that American politics, no matter how close the call, could always be saved. The Free - Soil supporters in the north had a really good plan that possessed the ability to preserve the union but would still allow their voice to be heard.
   The Free - Soilers ran on a campaign to support their cause and sell their brilliant compromise to those who either did not know about it or where conflicted . The Free  - Soilers were determined to pacify all racial attitudes in both the North and the South. The Wilmot Proviso had set up the perfect platform for them to sell their compromise to the masses, especially the white males. The Free - Soilers are a perfect example of some abolitionists in the North that were not proponents of slavery but still did not think that African Americans were equal to the whites . This represented a movement that was not popular but still existed in the north. It is significant because it highlights how strong and diverse the racial attitudes in the country were.
    The campaign for this cause includes slogans that appealed to the white male such as “ free soil, free labor, and free men”. Slogans such as these were concocted to appeal to the southerners to inspire them to imagine a community that was for whites only and “ uncontaminated ”  by slaves and free blacks .   It was also designed to appeal to the economic aspect of the white male . By preaching “free labor”,the Free- Soilers were cleverly persuading their target audience to come explore in a land of new opportunities tailored just for them .This is significant because it is one of the earliest examples of political advertisements in the history of the United States America . The insurance of free homesteads in the West without contention with the African Americans became a possible reality that many whites had never really explored.
     The southern position on this was not in complete favor of the movement however . The southern slave - holders were convinced that the movement was a restriction to the expansion of the institution of slavery and ultimately a contravention of their legal right to go wherever they wanted with their personal property. The Free - Soilers were still able to accomplish a significant feat which was swaying the presidential election of 1848. Their political ideals were the skeleton for the Republican party that was formed in 1854. Their influence on American politics is easy to overlook because of how brilliantly it was executed . They were able to encourage the white male to participate more in politics.
 That is probably their most significant accomplishment because of the impact it has on the American political system from 1848 to 1860 .  The results of the election of 1849 was radically influenced by the presence of the Free - Soil party. The viewpoints of the Free- Soil Party help construct the Republican party because of its strong stances . The Free - Soil Party is also responsible for the dramatic rise of the Republican party and the decline of the Democratic Party .
 The Free - Soil movement’s influence on United States politics lies in the very concept of the Free - Soil movement .The American concept that states that there is always away , there is always a compromise, there is still a chance to put on one final bandage .